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PostgreSQL Install FAQ
목적:
PostgreSQL 을 처음 접하는 사용자들이 PostgreSQL 의 설치를 처음 부터 끝까지 할수 있도록 도와 주기 위함. 이 문서는 두가지 분리된 PostgreSQL 설치과정을 포함하고 있다. 하나는 완전히 업데잇 된 Red Hat 5.1 에서 하는 것이고, 하나는 부분적으로 업데이트 된 Red Hat 6.0 에서 하는 것이다.
서론:
PostgreSQL 은 완전히 소스가 공개된 SQL server 이다. 다음 세션에서 PostgreSQL 이 RPM 으로 이미 설치되어 있는지 확인한다.
1. 설치시에 POSTGRESQL 에러 발생 (a transcription of a live session)
/etc/passwd 파일에 PostgreSQL이 있다:
postgres:x:100:233:PostgreSQL Server:/var/lib/pgsql:/bin/bash
[root@ns /home]# su - postgres
[postgres@ns pgsql]$ pwd
/var/lib/pgsql
[postgres@ns pgsql]$ initdb <-- 주의: 이과정을 절대로 root 로서 실행하지 마라! 뭔가 좋지 않은 일이 발생할 것이다. initdb 가'/usr/lib/pgsql/local1_template1.bki.source/local1_template1.bki.source' 파일을 발견할 수 없다고 한다.
이것은 여러분들이 PGLIB 디렉토리를 잘못 설정했다는 말이다.
PGLIB 디렉토리를 --pglib 옵션, PGLIB 환경변수, postconfig 프로그램 등으로 명시해 줘야 한다.
[postgres@ns pgsql]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# 사용자 정의 환경 변수 및 실행파일
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/pgsql/bin
MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/lib/pgsql/man
PGLIB=/usr/lib/pgsql/
PGDATA=/usr/lib/pgsql/data
ENV=$HOME/.bashrc
USERNAME=""
export USERNAME ENV PATH MANPATH PGLIB PGDATA
[SHIFT]ZZ
[postgres@ns pgsql]$ exit
logout
[root@ns /home]# su - postgres
[postgres@ns pgsql]$ initdb
initdb: using /usr/lib/pgsql//local1_template1.bki.source as input to create the template database.
initdb: using /usr/lib/pgsql//global1.bki.source as input to create the global classes.
initdb: using /usr/lib/pgsql//pg_hba.conf.sample as the host-based
authentication control file.
We are initializing the database system with username postgres (uid=100). This user will own all the files and must also own the server process.
Creating Postgres database system directory /usr/local/pgsql/data
mkdir: cannot make directory `/usr/local/pgsql/data': No such file or directory [postgres@ns pgsql]$ exit
logout
[root@ns /home]# chown -Rf postgres.postgres /usr/lib/pgsql/
[root@ns /home]# su - postgres
[postgres@ns pgsql]$ initdb
initdb: using /usr/lib/pgsql//local1_template1.bki.source as input to create the template database.
initdb: using /usr/lib/pgsql//global1.bki.source as input to create the global classes.
initdb: using /usr/lib/pgsql//pg_hba.conf.sample as the host-based
authentication control file.
We are initializing the database system with username postgres (uid=100).
This user will own all the files and must also own the server process.
Creating Postgres database system directory /usr/lib/pgsql/data
Creating Postgres database system directory /usr/lib/pgsql/data/base
initdb: creating template database in /usr/lib/pgsql/data/base/template1
Running: postgres -boot -C -F -D/usr/lib/pgsql/data -Q template1
Creating global classes in /base
Running: postgres -boot -C -F -D/usr/lib/pgsql/data -Q template1
Adding template1 database to pg_database...
Running: postgres -boot -C -F -D/usr/lib/pgsql/data -Q template1 <
/tmp/create.1994
vacuuming template1
creating public pg_user view
loading pg_description
^^^^^^^^^ SUCCESS!
2. SECOND ITERATION
The /etc/passwd file shows this for user postgres:
postgres:x:101:234:PostgreSQL Server:/var/lib/pgsql:/bin/bash
[root@ntbox /root]# su - postgres
[postgres@ntbox pgsql]$ pwd
/var/lib/pgsql
[postgres@ntbox pgsql]$ ls -al
total 3
drwxr-xr-x 2 postgres postgres 1024 Sep 19 01:06 .
drwxr-xr-x 11 root root 1024 Sep 6 23:59 ..
-rw------- 1 postgres postgres 20 Sep 19 01:06 .bash_history
[postgres@ntbox pgsql]$ initdb
initdb does not know where to find the files that make up Postgres (the PGLIB directory). You must identify the PGLIB directory either with a --pglib invocation option, or by setting the PGLIB environment variable, or by having a program called 'postconfig' in your search path that outputs an asignment for PGLIB.
[postgres@ntbox pgsql]$ cp /etc/skel/.bash_profile .
[postgres@ntbox pgsql]$ cp /etc/skel/.bashrc .
[postgres@ntbox pgsql]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
PATH=$PATH:/usr/lib/pgsql/bin
MANPATH=$MANPATH:/usr/lib/pgsql/man
PGLIB=/usr/lib/pgsql/
PGDATA=/usr/lib/pgsql/data
ENV=$HOME/.bashrc
USERNAME=""
export USERNAME ENV PATH MANPATH PGLIB PGDATA
[SHIFT] ZZ
[postgres@ntbox pgsql]$ initdb
We are initializing the database system with username postgres (uid=101).
This user will own all the files and must also own the server process.
Creating Postgres database system directory /usr/lib/pgsql/data
mkdir: cannot make directory `/usr/lib/pgsql/data': Permission denied
[postgres@ntbox pgsql]$ exit
logout
[root@ntbox /root]# chown -Rf postgres.postgres /usr/lib/pgsql/
[root@ntbox /root]# su - postgres
[postgres@ntbox pgsql]$ initdb
We are initializing the database system with username postgres (uid=101).
This user will own all the files and must also own the server process.
Creating Postgres database system directory /usr/lib/pgsql/data
Creating Postgres database system directory /usr/lib/pgsql/data/base
Creating template database in /usr/lib/pgsql/data/base/template1
Creating global classes in /usr/lib/pgsql/data/base
Adding template1 database to pg_database...
Vacuuming template1
Creating public pg_user view
Creating view pg_rules
Creating view pg_views
Creating view pg_tables
Creating view pg_indexes
Loading pg_description
^^^^^^^^^ SUCCESS!
3. MORE ERRORS
[root@ntbox template1]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql start
Starting postgresql service: /usr/bin/postmaster does not find the database system. Expected to find it in the PGDATA directory
"/usr/lib/pgsql/data/base/template1", but unable to open file with pathname "/usr/lib/pgsql/data/base/template1/base/template1/pg_class".
No data directory -- can't proceed.
postmaster []
vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql
Find this line:
su -l postgres -c '/usr/bin/postmaster -S -D/usr/lib/pgsql'
and change it to this:
su -l postgres -c '/usr/bin/postmaster -S -D/usr/lib/pgsql/data'
[root@ntbox template1]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/postgresql start
Starting postgresql service: postmaster [1964]
As you can see postgre starts and runs now.
4. MORE CONFIGURATION
The next thing we need to do is configure the "access" file for PostgreSQL so that people can use it.
cd /usr/lib/pgsql/data
vi pg_hba.conf
Set up permissions to access the database system. Do this by editing file /usr/lib/pgsql/data/pg_hba.conf. The instructions are included in the file.
(If your database is not located in the default location, i.e. if PGDATA is set to point elsewhere, then the location of this file will change accordingly.)
This file should be made read only again once you are finished. If you are upgrading from PostgreSQL v6.0 or later you can copy file pg_hba.conf from your old database on top of the one in your new database, rather than redoing the file from scratch.
Now that you have PostgreSQL running lets test that it's operational. Make sure you are logged in as user postgres or you will get this:
[root@ntbox data]# createdb
Connection to database 'template1' failed.
FATAL 1: SetUserId: user 'root' is not in 'pg_shadow'
createdb: database creation failed on root.
So if this happens then do this:
[root@ntbox data]# su - postgres
Now that you're logged in properly do this:
Create a database by typing:
[postgres@ntbox pgsql]$ createdb
Connect to the new database:
[postgres@ntbox pgsql]$ psql
Now you will see this:
Welcome to the POSTGRESQL interactive sql monitor:
Please read the file COPYRIGHT for copyright terms of POSTGRESQL
type \? for help on slash commands
type \q to quit
type \g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
You are currently connected to the database: postgres
You type this: SELECT datetime 'now'; at the postgres=> prompt.
postgres=> SELECT datetime 'now'; Sun Sep 19 01:41:43 1999 EDT
(1 row)
...and you should see the above (with the proper date for your system, of course.
Now exit psql by typing this: \q
postgres=> \q
and now you're back to the command line prompt.
[postgres@ntbox pgsql]$
Your PostgreSQL system is now running and ready for customization.
For additional reference on installing PostgreSQL see the following: Installation Procedure using Source Code
원본 출처 : http://www.redhat.com/support/resources/faqs/RH-apache-FAQ/postgres/postgres-install.html
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